In the event the internal combustion engine runs too cold, this can be detected by an engine gauge with a low operating temperature, low heater output, poor gas mileage, and slight lack of performance. In this case, the thermostat requires replacement. Low coolant caused due to leak, improper tuning and dirty coolant can cause overheating. In such cases, the thermostat must be tested. It is a good idea to test the gauge if the water temperature reading is low. If the engine has overheated, then replace the unit. High temperature can damage the gauge. To displace the unit, remove the air cleaner first, then drain the cooling system down below the level of the upper tank radiator tubes. The thermostat housing is located at the top radiator hose intake manifold end. It can usually be removed without disconnecting the hose, by removing the two mounting bolts and twisting the housing off the manifold. For the test, hang the thermostat into a pan of water on the stove, using a thermometer that registers to just about 250 degrees F. Heat the water and observe the temperature at which the valve starts to open. This will occur at 190 degrees F, remaining wide open as the water boils. Scrape both gasket surfaces thoroughly and install the thermostat with the wax pellet and spring down, ensuring it seats in the indentation for a gasket surface that is flush. A fresh gasket must be applied to both sides with a sealer and installed to the manifold, with boltholes aligned and above the thermostat. Once the housing has been installed and the bolts tightened, the air cleaner is refitted, system filled with antifreeze and engine run until the thermostat opened. Leaks are checked and refilled as necessary.